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Objective To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province. Methods The partial mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (pnad5) genes were amplified using a PCR assay in 7 Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province and the amplification product was sequenced. The homology and genetic evolution were investigated using the software DNAMAN 7.0, MegAlign, DnaSP 5.0 and MEGA 5.0. Results The pnad4 and pnad5 gene sequences were approximately 578 bp and 484 bp in length in the 7 Sparganum isolates from Hunan Province, and the percentages of genetic variations were 0 to 2.8% and 0 to 0.8%, respectively. There were 4 haplotypes detected in both the pnad4 and pnad5 genes, with global haplotype diversities of 0.810 ± 0.016 and 0.905 ± 0.011, nucleotide diversities of 0.006 ± 0.005 and 0.004 ± 0.003, and mean nucleotide variations of 3.960 and 1.905, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 7 Sparganum isolates from snakes in Hunan Province were clustered into the same branch with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolates from different regions/hosts in the world, which belonged to S. erinaceieuropaei, which were close to Diphyllobothrium latum and far from other tapeworms. Conclusion There is a low genetic variation in snake-derived S. erinaceieuropaei isolates from Hunan Province, and both pnad4 and pnad5 genes may be potential molecular genetic markers for identification of S. erinaceieuropaei.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of patients with low-risk and moderate-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and to analyze the prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on 47 patients with low and moderate risk MDS treated with decitabine in our hospital. The course of treatment was 20 mg/(m·d)×5 d injected subcutaneously for 28 d as a course of treatment. After 3 to 4 courses of treatment, the therapeutic response and survival prognostic factors of patients were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#According to the revised IWG standard, 18 patients (38.3%) achieved CR, 13 patients (27.7%) achieved PR, 7 patients (14.9%) showed hematological improvement, 7 patients (14.9%) died of pulmonary infection or myelosuppression, 2 patients transformed into acute myeloid leukemia. The median survival time of MDS patients was 26 months. The overall effective rate of decitabine regimen was 80.9% (38/47). The independent poor prognostic factors for survival were high IPSS grade, long course of MDS, early treatment for MDS, and elder.@*CONCLUSION@#The long-term efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of low and moderate-risk MDS is definite. The clinical factors before treatment may predict the efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of MDS.
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Objective To investigate the timing of administration of Conbercept in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) before operation and its effect on neovascularization vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods 90 patients (90 eyes) with PDR who underwent vitrectomy (PPV) were randomly divided into groups A,B and C,with 30 cases in each group.Group A received no intravitreal injection of Conbercept before operation,group B received intravitreal injection of Conbercept 3 days before operation,and group C received intravitreal injection of Conbercept 5 days before operation.The operation condition,visual acuity level,concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in aqueous humor and positive expression of vascular growth factor in neovascularization membrane were compared in the three groups.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of iatrogenic hiatus during operation,transient high intraocular pressure and hyphema after operation in the three groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group A,group B and C had shorter the operation time,less electrocoagulation,lower LogMAR BCVA (best corrected visual acuity) three months after operation (P ≤ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor between group B and group C before vitreous injection (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of VEGF in aqueous humor of group B and group C was lower than that of group A (P ≤ 0.05),and the total positive expression rate of VEGF in neovascularization membrane of group B and group C was 76.67％ and 73.33％ respectively,lower than that of group A (100.0％,P ≤0.05).The vitreous re-bleeding of group B and group C was 6.67％ and 10.0％,lower than that of group A (32.14％,P ≤ 0.05).While there was no significant difference between group B and group C (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Vitreous injection of Conbercept before PPV in PDR patients can reduce the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and the positive expression rate of VEGF in neovascularization membrane,significantly improve visual acuity and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.The effect of vitreous injection 3 and 5 days before PPV is basically the same.
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Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of conbercept in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by EDI-OCT.Methods From July 2015 to July 2017,42 patients (44 eyes) of central serous choriodal retinopathy received intravitreal injection of conbercept (0.5 mg,0.05 mL).Then,the best corrected visual acuity was recorded before injection and 1 week,4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment;meanwhile,EDI-OCT was used to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness at different time points.Results In CSC patients,the BCVA of 1 week,4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment were 0.57 ±0.23,0.62 ±0.23 and 0.59 ±0.71,respectively,which were significantly higher than those before treatment [(0.43 ± 1.11)] (all P ＜ 0.05).The subfoveal choroidal thickness was (308.17 ± 16.52) μm,(286.54 ± 37.52) μm and (274.58±41.38)μm at 1 week,4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment,respectively,which were significantly lower than those before treatment [(346.31 ± 59.43) μm] (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is safe and effective for conbercept injection in the treatment of CSC.
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Objective To observe the effect ofvitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil filling on the stability of the tear film.Methods A total of 72 eyes of 36 patients with vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment were enrolled in the study with PPV combined with silicone oil filling.The operation and contralateral eyes were set up in the operation group and the control group respectively,each had 36 eyes.The tear film rupture time (BUT),the base tear secretion test or Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ T) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) were performed at 7,30,60,and 90 days after operation.The difference of BUT,S Ⅰ T and CFS at different time points after the operation of the two groups were compared.Results After operation 7,30 days,S Ⅰ T and CFS increased,BUT staining is shortened in the surgery group,the differences were statistically significant (t=1.78,P＜0.05);after operation 60,90 days,S Ⅰ T,CFS,BUT were same between the surgery group and the contralateral eyes (t=12.39,P＞0.05).Conclusion PPV combined with silicone oil filling can affect the stability of the tear film,which can be recovered to the preoperative level at postoperative 60 days.
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A lot of researches have verified that produced excessive reactive oxygen is one of the hazard factors causing atherosclerosis. NADPH oxidase is the main protease of vascular cell's producing reactive oxygen, the expression of its relevant subunits is closely correlated with the occurring and development process of atherosclerosis
Oxidizing reaction could damage organism tissue cells, ganoderan has very significant effect on the anti-oxidizing function of cell
The pharmaceutical research of ganoderan has significant meaning in curing diabetes mellitus, preventing and controlling arteriosclerosis. This paper is mainly to discuss the effect of anoderan's inhibiting NADPH oxidizing enzyme expression on preventing and treating cerebral arteriosclerosis and its action mechanism
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clonality of gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions and its relationship with Ki-67 protein expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues were collected from 174 cases of gastric endoscopic biopsies and surgical removed specimens. The lesional tissues were isolated by Laser Capture Microdissection. Methylation sensitive restriction enzyme (HpaII) digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the clonality at the polymorphic human androgen receptor gene locus on the X chromosome. PCR products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using applied Biosystems 3730 DNA Analyzer. In addition, a two-step immunohistochemical staining EnVision method was used to detect the expression of Ki-67 protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of detection of monoclonality and expression rate of Ki-67 were found increased in a stepwise fashion from gastrointestinal metaplasia, low grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia to intestinal carcinoma (15.63%, 5/32; 22.22%, 10/45; 69.44%, 25/36 and 100.0%, 20/20; respectively). The presence of clonal proliferation was correlated with Ki-67 expression in low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The presence of clonal proliferation and increased Ki-67 are increasingly detected in the lesions along the multi-step gastric carcinogenesis model. Clonal status is associated with the expression rate of Ki-67 to a certain extent, suggesting a combined application of both markers may be useful in assessing early stages of gastric carcinoma.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cell Line, Tumor , Ki-67 Antigen , Genetics , Metabolism , Neoplasm Staging , Precancerous Conditions , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Stomach Neoplasms , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was designed to investigate the significance of hTERT mRNA in breast carcinogenesis and to explore the diagnostic efficacy, and to study the effect of tumor suppressor gene p53 on the expression of hTERT mRNA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of hTERT mRNA was examined by in situ hybridization in 12 cases of normal breast tissue nearby cancer, 7 of simple ductal hyperplasia, 20 of atypical hyperplasia, 18 of ductal carcinoma in situ and 25 with invasive ductal carcinoma. The expression of p53 protein were examined by immunohistochemistry in 43 carcinomas.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>hTERT was not detected in normal breast tissue nearby cancer and simple ductal hyperplasia. The positive rate of hTERT mRNA in atypical hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma were 25.0%, 83.3% and 88.0%, respectively. The prevalence and intensity of hTERT mRNA expression were much greater in carcinoma than those in simple or atypical hyperplasia and normal breast tissue nearby cancer (P < 0.05). The expression of hTERT was not correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). The positive correlation between hTERT mRNA and p53 was found in breast carcinoma (r = 0.5540, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hTERT mRNA expression is closely related to the malignant transformation of breast tissue. Semi-quantitative detection of hTERT mRNA expression in situ is helpful in differentiated diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and atypical hyperplasia. Inactivation of p53 may play a role in the transcriptive activation of hTERT gene in breast carcinoma.</p>